home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- *****************************
- * Fumarate lyases signature *
- *****************************
-
- A number of enzymes, belonging to the lyase class, for which fumarate is a
- substrate have been shown [1,2] to share a short conserved sequence around a
- methionine which is probably involved in the catalytic activity of this type
- of enzymes. These enzymes are:
-
- - Fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2) (fumarate hydratase), which catalyzes the reversible
- hydration of fumarate to L-malate. There seem to be 2 classes of fumarases:
- class I are thermolabile dimeric enzymes (as for example: Escherichia coli
- fumC); class II enzymes are thermostable and tetrameric and are found in
- prokaryotes (as for example: Escherichia coli fumA and fumB) as well as in
- eukaryotes. The sequence of the two classes of fumarases are not closely
- related.
- - Aspartate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.1) (aspartase), which catalyzes the
- reversible conversion of aspartate to fumarate and ammonia. This reaction
- is analogous to that catalyzed by fumarase, except that ammonia rather than
- water is involved in the trans-elimination reaction.
- - Arginosuccinase (EC 4.3.2.1) (argininosuccinate lyase), which catalyzes the
- formation of arginine and fumarate from argininosuccinate, the last step in
- the biosynthesis of arginine.
- - Adenylosuccinase (EC 4.3.2.2) (adenylosuccinate lyase) [3], which catalyzes
- the eight step in the de novo biosynthesis of purines, the formation of
- 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide and fumarate from 1-(5-
- phosphoribosyl)-4-(N-succino-carboxamide). That enzyme can also catalyzes
- the formation of fumarate and AMP from adenylosuccinate.
- - Pseudomonas putida 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase (EC 5.5.1.2)
- (3-carboxymuconate lactonizing enzyme) (gene pcaB) [4], an enzyme involved
- in aromatic acids catabolism.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-S-x(2)-M-x(2)-K-x-N
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: rat immunoglobulin gamma-2B chain.
- -Last update: October 1993 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Woods S.A., Shwartzbach S.D., Guest J.R.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 954:14-26(1988).
- [ 2] Woods S.A., Miles J.S., Guest J.R.
- FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 51:181-186(1988).
- [ 3] Ebbole D.J., Zalkin H.
- J. Biol. Chem. 262:8274-8287(1987).
- [ 4] Williams S.E., Woolridge E.M., Ransom S.C., Landro J.A., Babbitt P.C.,
- Kozarich J.W.
- Biochemistry 31:9768-9776(1992).
-